Brain tumours remain among the most difficult cancers to treat because they grow within the brain’s uniquely protected environment. Rapid advances in our understanding of brain biology, cancer genetics and the immune system have opened new therapies and future possibilities. This talk will explore how precision medicine can identify vulnerabilities in these cancers and have guided successful targeted treatments. It will also explain the emerging role of innate immunity—the body’s first line of defence against danger—and how brain tumours silence these natural alarm systems. By reawakening them, we may help the immune system recognise, attack and control these devastating cancers even more effectively.